Методологические подходы к проектированию систем оценки качества образования

Представлены методологические подходы к проектированию системы оценки качества образования, являющейся элементом образовательной системы. Раскрываются возможности эффективного планирования и управления системами оценки качества образования с точки зрения системного, синергетического, квалиметрического, интеграционного, программно-целевого, динамического, маркетингового, комплексного, оптимизационного и нормативного подходов. Разработка моделей процессов функционирования и развития систем оценки качества образования раскрывает возможности для эффективного планирования и совершенствования управления качеством образования, с большой долей вероятности отвечающего тенденциям развития мирового сообщества

Masking behaviour and related biology of Notomithrax ursus (Oxyrhyncha: Majidae).

Notomithrax ursus actively cuts and attaches adventitious materials to the hooked hairs on its dorsal exoskeleton. Investigation of the general biology, ecology, and behaviour of N. ursus (Section I) showed that these crabs invest considerable amounts of time and energy, at all stages of their life history, in forming and maintaining the mask. This is consistent with masking being an important adaptation. Data from the field and laboratory were consistent with the hypothesis that the mask functions to render the crabs eucryptic. N. ursus were anachoretic most of the time, remaining closely associated with algal clumps. These crabs were nocturnal and spaced out when active. They exhibited large scale dispersal but movement occurred under cover concealment. In addition, N. ursus emphasised behaviours conducive to concealment. When possible, they remained immobile. When active, movement was slow and inconspicuous. Motion was sometimes accompanied by rocking movements. The data indicated that the mask made the crab procryptic not anti cryptic. Preliminary experiments suggested that octopuses were important natural predators of N. ursus. Systematic laboratory observations of the interaction between free-ranging N. ursus and octopuses demonstrated that the algal mask impaired the triggering of attack by the octopuses in response to distal cues. Experiments with differing backgrounds confirmed that the mask most likely functions as eucrypsis rather than special protective resemblance. In addition, a match between the mask and the background, spacing out between individuals, and immobility of the crabs all enhanced the protection of N. ursus. In an experiment in which Octopus maorum was constrained to hunt by visual cues, significantly more unmasked than masked N. ursus were attacked in paired presentations against a matching background. Selection indices ranging from 0.63 - 0.76 were calculated. The eucryptic effect of the mask was dependent on ambient light intensity. It is argued that this is a phenomenon of general significance in the evolution of eucrypsis in animals

Efficient Implementation of the bare-metal Hypervisor MetalSVM for the SCC

International audienceThe focus of this paper is the efficient implementation of our compact operating system kernel as a bare-metal hypervisor for the SCC. We describe source, functionality, and the operation of our kernel, as well as the interaction with the already published communication layer. Furthermore we give a detailed insight into the boot procedure of the SCC from reset to the starting point of our light-weight operating system kernel. This procedure is performed by a bare-metal framework, which is part of the MetalSVM project. Programmers can use our framework as a springboard for bare-metal programming on the SCC, which goes along with the first release of MetalSVM. Finally, we evaluate the performance of a paravirtualized Linux guest on the SCC hardware and present results of context switch latencies for Linux and MetalSVM hosts